• br Introduction DNA ligation is required during DNA replicat

  2019-11-14

  

  Introduction DNA ligation is required during DNA replication and to complete almost all DNA repair events. In human cells, the DNA ligases encoded by three LIG genes are responsible for joining interruptions in the phosphodiester backbone [1]. These enzymes have distinct but overlapping functions

• MTX and MTXPGs block the activity of

  2019-11-14

  

  MTX and MTXPGs block the activity of the key enzyme DHFR (Fig. 1), which converts folates to their active forms – dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). MTXPGs also potently inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS). Furthermore, during dTMP synthesis, TS utilizes the cofactor 5,10-methylene THF, w

• br Conclusions br Conflict of interest br Financial

  2019-11-14

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Financial disclosure Introduction In prokaryotes, six distinct autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways have been identified so far. Of these pathways, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle is one of the recently discovered pathways [1]. The 3-

• br Results br Discussion The most relevant overall finding w

  2019-11-14

  

  Results Discussion The most relevant overall finding was that DDR1 is present in myelin and is probably synthesized by oligodendrocytes. This result was supported by three different approaches. First, we detected presence of DDR1 mRNA in myelin by ISH. Second, the pattern of DDR1 immunostainin

• Gene amplification PCR amplifications were performed using

  2019-11-14

  

  Gene amplification. PCR amplifications were performed using genomic DNA from the different organisms studied as template and two degenerate oligonucleotides (PP1 and PP2) as primersPP1 corresponded to the sense codons of the amino CGP 53353 motif AGGI(A/S)EM, and PP2 to the antisense sequence of th

• In the brain E can modulate the mitogen activated protein

  2019-11-14

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br

  2019-11-14

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) are orphan nuclear receptors whose physiological ligands have not yet been identified. Although ERRs are closely related to estrogen receptors (ERs) they do not res

• Host cell invasion by tachyzoites relies on the

  2019-11-14

  

  Host cell invasion by tachyzoites relies on the secretion of numerous secretory proteins and plays a crucial role in maintaining infection [6]. ESA released by tachyzoites are highly immunogenic and induce either antibody-dependent or cell-mediated protective immunity [11], [44], [45]. To investigat

• The genes corresponding to TVAG TVAG

  2019-11-14

  

  The genes corresponding to TVAG_263740, TVAG_487600, TVAG_282090, TVAG_170370, and TVAG_148010 seem to be the less expressed, and undetectable by proteomics approach. In comparison, in other T. vaginalis strains, and experimental conditions, they show very few or null EST\'s reports [4]. Concludi

• A prominent example of such enzyme is the

  2019-11-14

  

  A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome, a highly promising target not only in cancer, but also in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Circulating proteasomes and respective anti-proteasome autoantibodies were detected in serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases such as mu

• There are a few visible DNA staining

  2019-11-14

  

  There are a few visible DNA staining methods, which use dyes such as methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue [7], crystal violet [8], Nile blue [9], [10] and ethyl violet [11]. However, although safe, these methods require long staining times, lack sensitivity and are not specific for nucleic acids.

• br As mentioned above defects

  2019-11-14

  

  As mentioned above, defects in the DNA ligase IIIα-interacting protein TDP1 have been identified as the cause of the hereditary neurodegenerative disease, spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy 1 (El-Khamisy et al., 2005). In addition, defects in two other DNA repair proteins, aprataxin and

• Importantly we observed significantly the reduced myocardial

  2019-11-13

  

  Importantly, we observed significantly the reduced myocardial infarct size, the improved left ventricular function and the inhibited fibrosis after I/R with oral GA-BH4 supplementation before ischemia (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3). Usually, there is a view that the antioxidation induced by reducing agent

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported

  2019-11-13

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Région Auvergne “Nouveau chercheur”. This study has been performed with the assistance of Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand for histology technical assistance using “Anipath” Platform (GReD) and Sandrine Plantade, Keredine Ouchen and Philippe Mazuel for animal

• br Acknowledgement We acknowledge for

  2019-11-13

  

  Acknowledgement We acknowledge for funding support from Maryada Foundation, a DoD/Army Contract No. W911NF-06-1-0095, and National Institutes of Health through the New England Center of Excellence for Biodefense (Grant AI057159-01). Introduction The Gram-negative bacterium Lysobacter sp. XL1

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