• The role of activation of xenosensor nuclear receptors such

  2021-02-08

  

  The role of activation of xenosensor nuclear receptors such as PPARα, CAR, and PXR in producing hepatomegaly and liver tumors in rodents has been well-established (Klaunig et al., 2003, Lake, 2009). In the case of PPARα, the increase in liver weight results from increased peroxisomal mass and expans

• Recent studies support the concept that

  2021-02-08

  

  Recent studies support the concept that dietary metabolites, such as retinoids and AHR ligands, regulate ILC3 function. These metabolites act through intracellular nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors, thereby controlling ILC activity through the stimulation of specific transcrip

• Several main strategies for targeting E s described in the

  2021-02-08

  

  Several main strategies for targeting E3s described in the literature include: in vitro screening using functional assays [86]; computer programs for predicting potential druggable pockets, including those at protein-protein interfaces, and subsequent docking-based in silico ligand screening [87]; f

• A growing number of other post translational modifications a

  2021-02-08

  

  A growing number of other post-translational modifications are implicated in regulation of the ubiquitin system, including substrate modification by hydroxylation, glycosylation, acetylation, methylation, modification by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), and attachment of ubiquitin-like modifiers. The HIF1-α

• In plants SUMOylation has been shown to modulate plant hormo

  2021-02-08

  

  In plants, SUMOylation has been shown to modulate plant hormone signaling (Lois et al., 2003, Miura et al., 2009, Conti et al., 2014), root stem cell maintenance (Xu et al., 2013), and responses to abiotic and biotic stress (Lois, 2010). Many of the plant biological processes regulated by SUMOylatio

• br Synthesis and mechanism of

  2021-02-08

  

  Synthesis and mechanism of fluorescent DNA-CuNMs Application of fluorescent DNA-CuNMs Summary and conclusions In summary, we introduce recent research progress in the synthesis and various applications of DNA-CuNMs. DNA-CuNMs with novel catalytic, electrical and optical properties can be ob

• br Results br Discussion br Conclusions The present

  2021-02-07

  

  Results Discussion Conclusions The present study demonstrates that CRF1 receptor-deficiency prolongs whereas CRF2 receptor-deficiency shortens the duration of recognition memory deficits induced by morphine discontinuation, unraveling opposite roles for the two known CRF receptor subtypes i

• Astrocytes play a key role in the

  2021-02-07

  

  Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes

• br Activatable optical imaging probes

  2021-02-07

  

  Activatable optical imaging probes Optical fluorescence imaging, which directly detects photons emitted from fluorescent probes, has become as a powerful analytical method to study biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. It is characterized by high sensitivity, is free of radioactive irra

• br Results and Discussion br Experimental Procedures br Ackn

  2021-02-07

  

  Results and Discussion Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is important for biological processes such as protein degradation and protein function regulation. In general, poly-ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by proteasomes, and some proteins ac

• In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified proteins DUB

  2021-02-07

  

  In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified proteins, DUBs can also cleave between ubiquitin moieties within a polyubiquitin chain to edit the ubiquitin signal. DUBs employ different strategies to recognize polyubiquitin (Figure 1). DUBs that rely only on interactions on the S1 site tend to be p

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Preclinical data

  2021-02-07

  

  Methods Results Discussion Preclinical data indicate that nepicastat modulates sympathetic drive to the 740 Y-P with a mild pressor effect in various animal models of hypertension (Stanney et al., 1998). However in this clinical study, the doses of nepicastat employed did not significantly

• The following is the supplementary data related to this

  2021-02-07

  

  The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic ARRY334543 (PA) (Baldanzi, 2014, Goto et al., 2006, Merida et al., 2008, Sakane et al., 2007, Topham and Epand, 2009). To date, te

• Two key enzymes play important roles

  2021-02-07

  

  Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of xylitol from d-arabitol, namely d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and NADH-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively (Qi et al., 2014). In an earlier study, we developed a high xylitol yield strain by expressing xdh in E. coli BL21

• br Acknowledgements br This work was

  2021-02-07

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 30260088) and the prophase research for National “973” Project of China (Grant No.: 2007CB116203). The DNA sequences of Hbvp1 and the Hbvp1 promoter were deposited in GenBank, an

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