• br Disclosure statement br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Rona

  2021-09-13

  

  Disclosure statement Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Rona Carroll for her contribution to the preparation of the manuscript and Dr. Iosif Pediaditakis for his contribution to the preparation of the figures. This work was supported by NIHR01 HD019938 to U.B.K. Introduction The mammalian hypot

• The typical pharmacophore for GPR agonists contains four par

  2021-09-13

  

  The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors

• This GluR A independent mechanism by which

  2021-09-13

  

  This GluR-A-independent mechanism, by which the associative strength of spatial locations can be increased (and/or decreased) gradually over many trials, and which presumably underlies spatial reference memory acquisition during tasks such as the Morris watermaze or the radial maze (Zamanillo et al.

• Acarbose and voglibose the classic glucosidase inhibitors

  2021-09-13

  

  Acarbose and voglibose, the classic α-glucosidase inhibitors, were clinically used to inhibit α-glucosidase activity for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the intake of these drugs may cause some undesirable gastrointestinal side effects and weight gain (Xu et al., 2015). The synthetic drug

• In the GLUT family glucose transporter GLUT is

  2021-09-13

  

  In the GLUT family, glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) is primarily responsible for basal glucose uptake and maintenance of glucose basal metabolism in cells (Olson and Pessin, 1996). High GLUT1 expression occurred in various types of human cancers, like brain tumor, lung cancer and esophageal cancer (Nis

• Until now various reports have demonstrated the

  2021-09-13

  

  Until now, various reports have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of enzyme-resistant forms of GIP in experimental diabetic animal models , , . In essence, structural modifications performed at the Tyr residue in GIP generate analogues that are completely resistant to the actions of DPP-IV and

• Another key component of proper DA

  2021-09-13

  

  Another key component of proper DA cell physiology is the basal firing activity of SN DA neurons, which maintains extracellular levels of dopamine in the dorsal striatum that are essential for voluntary movement [106]. Changes in SN DA neuron activity directly impacts the amount of dopamine released

• In addition to our results Chen et

  2021-09-13

  

  In addition to our results, Chen et al. showed that administration of the GalR1 antagonist M40 improves cardiac function and attenuates cardiac remodeling in rats with heart failure [26]. These effects might be attributed to M40 suppression of galanin inhibitory effect on the vagal nerve in heart fa

• br Results and discussion The

  2021-09-13

  

  Results and discussion The synthesis of core aldehyde building block 2 commenced with known aldehyde 5. The Horner–Wadsworth-Emmons olefination of the latter (using commercially available 6) gave cinnamate ester 7. Facile hydrogenation of the double bond in 7 was achieved over Raney nickel withou

• Growing evidence supporting the anti inflammatory and tissue

  2021-09-13

  

  Growing evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects of FPR antagonists led to the screening of commercial libraries for novel small-molecule FPR antagonists. As result of these screening efforts and/or structure–activity relationship (SAR)-directed design and synthesis, a

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements br

  2021-09-13

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids, which serve as constituents of membranes and as an energy source. In addition, fatty acids and their metabolites contribute to signal transduction between neurons or neurons and glial c

• br Molecular mechanisms and pathways for

  2021-09-13

  

  Molecular mechanisms and pathways for ferroptosis regulation As to the regulation of lipid peroxidation, iron and related ROS metabolism involved in ferroptosis, many molecular mechanisms and pathways have been presented. It is generally believed that cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc−, GPX4

• SRSF is a member of Arginine Serine rich SR

  2021-09-13

  

  SRSF4 is a member of Arginine-Serine-rich (SR) protein family, that is essential for constitutive splicing and regulates alternative splicing [14]. SR proteins include one or two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at their amino terminus and RS domains at carboxyl terminus [[15], [16], [17], [18]]. Wherea

• ATN Ac PHSCN NH is a small

  2021-09-13

  

  ATN-161 (Ac-PHSCN-NH2) is a small peptide antagonist of integrin α5β1, a recently developed anticancer drug that interacts with the N-terminus of the β1 region of integrin α5β1 to lock integrin α5β1 in its non-activated conformation (Wang et al., 2016). The drug has been tested in Phase 2 clinical t

• PKC does not however directly stimulate secretion by initiat

  2021-09-13

  

  PKC does not, however, directly stimulate secretion by initiating calcium influx into the cell [51]. Work from multiple groups measuring calcium currents has shown that PMA alone or coupled with glucose does not modulate intracellular calcium influx [34], [51], [52], [53]. Instead of contributing to

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