• br Conclusion br Acknowledgements br Introduction Synapses a

  2023-09-15

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgements Introduction Synapses are the fundamental elements of neuronal networks that enable the processing, encoding, and retrieval of information in the brain, and pathological disruptions in synapse structure are broadly held to underlie the development of neurological

• Besides Arg overexpression our data

  2023-09-15

  

  Besides Arg2 overexpression, our data revealed that AGEs could decrease eNOS mRNA levels, which is considered a significant cause for attenuated NO production and vasodilation. It was found recently that AGEs significantly reduce eNOS expression levels and NO bioavailability in human carotid artery

• Arginase deficiency is a rare urea

  2023-09-15

  

  Arginase deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder with hyperargininemia and profound neurological impairment as hallmark features. Arginase-1-deficient mouse models have been created, and they exhibit a profound lethal phenotype approximately 2 weeks after birth in the global knockout (KO) mice or a

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2023-09-15

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• The subnuclear localizations of redox regulators is also lar

  2023-09-15

  

  The subnuclear localizations of redox regulators is also largely unknown. The potential role of thiol reductases as transcription regulators or DNA repair molecules may suggest an association to DNA. In this way, the presence of a zinc finger domain potentially involved in protein/DNA interactions o

• br Acknowledgement br Introduction Estrogens play an importa

  2023-09-15

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction Estrogens play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer (McGuire et al., 1976; Clemons and Goss, 2001). 17β-Estradiol (E2), the most biologically active estrogen in breast tissue, functions via its nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor

• The basis for the protonation of

  2023-09-15

  

  The basis for the protonation of chitosan is the alkaline primary amino group, which is also the reason for the special properties of chitosan (Guibal, Van Vooren, Dempsey, & Roussy, 2006; Tamer et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2014). Our previous work (Meng et al., 2012) and several other reports (Yan et

• Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease CVD is

  2023-09-15

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

• Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in D

  2023-09-15

  

  Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in DM1 came from Thomas Cooper’s laboratory where they demonstrated that insulin-independent glucose uptake was unaffected in human DM1 muscle Tenovin-1 australia treated with MET, an AMPK activator and first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes me

• Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs

  2023-09-15

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs can differ greatly in their mobility; some rapidly and constitutively SR 3576 in and out of the synaptic membrane, while others remain somewhat stable in the synaptic membrane (Luscher et al., 1999, Luthi et al., 1999). We find that mGluR- and

• Circular dichroism CD provides useful

  2023-09-15

  

  Circular dichroism (CD) provides useful information about protein structure, the extent and rate of structural changes and ligand binding. CD is a form of light Tamoxifen spectroscopy that measures differences in the absorbance of right- and left-circularly polarized light (rather than the commonly

• br Introduction The structural similarities between puromyci

  2023-09-15

  

  Introduction The structural similarities between puromycin (1, Fig. 1) and the aminoacyl adenyl terminal of aminoacyl–tRNA allow it to terminate the protein synthesis process by causing premature release of a polypeptide from the ribosome [1], [2]. Tremendous progress in the study of puromycin an

• In human epidermoid carcinoma A cells

  2023-09-15

  

  In human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, 12-lipoxygenase was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted cells. The relative abundance of phospholipid hydroperoxide versus glutathione peroxidase seems to play an important role in controlling the lipoxygenase reaction [57]. It has been proposed

• Introduction Aldose reductase ALR is the

  2023-09-15

  

  Introduction Aldose reductase (ALR2) is the first enzyme of the polyol pathway that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol utilizing NADPH as a cofactor. The intracellular accumulation of sorbitol, due to increased aldose reductase activity at high blood glucose levels, such as those occurr

• br Discussion Here we show opposing

  2023-09-14

  

  Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi

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