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N terminally extended antigenic peptide
2023-10-31
N-terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors that survive cytosolic degradation and enter the ER, need to be further processed by ERAP1 and/or ERAP2, in order to acquire the right length required for MHCI binding. ERAP1 (ERAAP in mouse) is an IFN-γ-inducible, metalloaminopeptidase that trims N
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Consideration of the rate of product formation at different
2023-10-31
Consideration of the rate of product formation at different substrate concentrations and estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters gives some insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in enzyme activity. Estimates based on two-substrate concentrations lack precision and
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It has been largely demonstrated that
2023-10-31
It has been largely demonstrated that several clinico-pathological factors influence ovarian cancer patients' prognosis, including residual tumor at primary cytoreductive surgery, FIGO stage, tumor grading, cancer histology and performance status [3,4]. Nevertheless, the recent awareness achieved in
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Previous studies to investigate the functions of AHR in Treg
2023-10-31
Previous studies to investigate the functions of AHR in Treg selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have employed a loss-of-function approach, using AHR complete-null mice, or a gain-of-function approach by ligand administration. However, these approaches may confound the interpretation of the res
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br Impact of global AHR deficiency on diet induced
2023-10-31
Impact of global AHR deficiency on diet-induced obesity Two subsequent studies in which AHR function was affected at the whole animal level corroborated the role of AHR in dietary obesity. Xu et al. [14] showed that on a high-fat diet, both AHR-deficient Ahr−/− and hemizygous Ahr+/− mice gained s
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In earlier experiments on snails
2023-10-31
In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni
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ic omeprazole sale br Material and methods br Results
2023-10-31
Material and methods Results Discussion To develop a novel regenerative and/or neuroprotective therapy for optic neuropathy, including glaucoma, numerous studies have tested new candidates favorable to RGC survival and axon regeneration. Among the many candidate drugs, AdoR modulators are o
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br ACK signaling partners ACK interacts
2023-10-31
ACK1 signaling partners ACK1 interacts with and tyrosine phosphorylates many cellular proteins regulating critical cellular processes [11]. While ACK1 shares common intracellular effectors such as AKT with other signaling pathways, it imparts specificity to signaling by phosphorylating effectors
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We have previously reported alterations of the thymus
2023-10-31
We have previously reported alterations of the thymus in AChR-MG patients, especially in their germinal center Vanoxerine dihydrochloride (defined as CD19+CD38+ cells by flow cytometric analysis). First, we found that, in MG thymi, this subset failed to show the normal down-regulation of Bcl-2, sug
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Toxicity is the main reason for the failure
2023-10-31
Toxicity is the main reason for the failure at all stages of the new drug development process. The major part of safety-related attrition occurs at preclinical phases while predicting preclinical safety liabilities earlier in the drug development process. This strategy enables the design and/or sele
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The nAChR has been considered
2023-10-31
The α7 nAChR has been considered an interesting potential target for numerous therapeutic indications over the last two decades, with GTS-21 one of the first candidates proposed for Alzheimer's disease [2], [3], [23]. Unfortunately, although many α7-selective agonists have been developed [21], none
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br Structure of V ATPase V ATPase is a highly
2023-10-31
Structure of V-ATPase V-ATPase is a highly conserved multi-subunit enzyme that uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport protons across membranes [2], [3], [4]. It consists of two major functional domains, V1 and V0 (Fig. 1). The former has eight different subunits (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H)
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Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have
2023-10-31
Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec
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Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood IGF i
2023-10-31
Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, IGF-1 is tightly linked with ER and estrogen actions and a crosstalk occurs between these two systems in breast cancer. To illustrate this close relationship, studies have identified a synergy between IGF-1 and estrogen in Darunavir Ethanolate
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Arginase deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder with
2023-10-31
Arginase deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder with hyperargininemia and profound neurological impairment as hallmark features. Arginase-1-deficient mouse models have been created, and they exhibit a profound lethal phenotype approximately 2 weeks after birth in the global knockout (KO) mice or a
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