• In the presence of detrimental

  2024-11-13

  

  In the presence of detrimental conditions, such as inflammation, hypoxia, ischemia trauma or neoplastic milieu, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase massively, reaching micromolar range [51,52]. In these pathological contexts, adenosine accumulation stems from increased extracellular depho

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by

  2024-11-13

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (2012BAD19B01) and General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M581754). Introduction Cough is one of the most important defensive reflex brought into actio

• The central problem in amnesia developing following impairme

  2024-11-13

  

  The central problem in amnesia developing following impairment of long-term memory consolidation or reconsolidation is a question of the underlying mechanisms, whether it is caused by impairment of retrieval or memory storage mechanisms [3,8,9,[15], [16], [17], [18]]. To answer this question, severa

• Taniyama et al reported a female with infertility who

  2024-11-13

  

  Taniyama et al. reported a female with infertility who had a homozygous T-to-A transversion at nucleotide position g.2472 in exon 3 of the CYP17A1 gene (mutation Y201N) and decreased 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities of AS 602801 synthesis was initiated using dexamethasone to control adrena

• Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammato

  2024-11-13

  

  Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammatory cells, activated platelets, erythrocytes, adipocytes and cancer deoxycorticosterone australia (Aoki et al., 2008, Neidlinger et al., 2006). Several reports have analysed the role of LPA and its receptors in the pathogenesis of RA. Zhao

• The ambiguity surrounding the role played by the LOXs in

  2024-11-13

  

  The ambiguity surrounding the role played by the 15-LOXs in malignant biological processes stems also from the limitations of current animal models, and especially the usage of its 12/15-LOX murine homolog, which can also catalyze the production of 12-HETE. Indeed, the proinflammatory effect of 12-H

• br Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other types o

  2024-11-13

  

  Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other types of receptors, prolonged agonist stimulation often leads to GPCR internalization, which can occur via different pathways ∗[2], [20], [21], [22], [23]. Of these pathways, clathrin-mediated M871 receptor (CME) is the best characterized and arg

• Then Autodock was employed for site directed docking on AD

  2024-11-13

  

  Then, Autodock4.2 was employed for site directed docking on AD with the ligands of the cluster(s) having high binding affinities in VS II experiment (Morris et al., 2009). Docking protocols were followed as per our earlier report with 200 GA (genetic algorithm) run (Kalani et al., 2015). Likewise, l

• Several MAP kinases are involved in the signal transduction

  2024-11-12

  

  Several MAP kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathways that lead to the upregulations of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, transcriptional activations of STATs are regulated by MAP kinases, as evidenced by reports that p38 MAPK is necessary for the S727 phosphorylation of STATs (Kovari

• Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in

  2024-11-12

  

  Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in cardiovascular functions has been well-elucidated, little is known for the effect of the central apelinergic system on gastrointestinal (GI) functions. In mice, it has been found previously that central exogenous apelin-13 decreased gastric emptying (G

• In a human intervention study

  2024-11-12

  

  In a human intervention study, blood GSH levels were evaluated over 6 wk in 18 male participants subjected to strenuous aerobic training and a dietary supplement of 1 g of WPI/kg of body mass per day. Blood GSH levels were significantly lower in those subjects who performed exercise that those who d

• It has been proposed that

  2024-11-12

  

  It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism is a toxic gain of function secondary to the misfolding of mutated PrP. However, such a mechanism might not apply to all mutant PrP species, since some mutations had little effect on the stability and folding kinetics of PrP (Swietnicki et al., 19

• Thalidomide is now a well

  2024-11-12

  

  Thalidomide is now a well known antiangiogenic agent. This property of thalidomide is being extensively researched upon, for its significant utility in the treatment of various malignant tumors. Studies show that thalidomide efficaciously inhibits various pro-angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosi

• Pathological angiogenesis occurs when an

  2024-11-12

  

  Pathological angiogenesis occurs when an imbalance of endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors occurs. Although the focus of angiogenesis-related drug development has been geared to the discovery of antiangiogenic compounds for use in pathologies where excessive angiogenesis occurs (cance

• br Prostate cancer and resistance to AR targeting

  2024-11-12

  

  Prostate cancer and resistance to AR targeting treatment The AR plays a pivotal role in the development, differentiation, homeostasis and secretory function of the normal prostate (Wilson, 2011). The AR is also a key player in many phases of prostate carcinogenesis (Huggins et al., 1941, Scher an

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